我优求知网雅思英语四级阅读理解句型分析
英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(1)
1.
Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Scott Hahn says…。high-quality sustainable…find为says的宾语。which引导的非限制性定语从句which uses all-organic cotton修饰的是Rogan and Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory为Scott Hahn的同位语。
【译文】Scott Hahn与Gregory同为使用全有机棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的创始人，他声称，高质量的可持续使用面料仍然很难寻觅到。
2.
Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Most designers…are finding…。there aren’t…used to为省略了that的宾语从句。that引导的定语从句that can just replace…修饰fabrics。what引导的两个宾语从句what you’re doing和what your customers are used to作replace的宾语。
【译文】他说，“大多数现有品牌设计师发现，并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。”
3.
Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为… Designers & Agents stopped charging…and gave special recognition…。who引导的定语从句who attend its…York修饰entrepreneurs，whose引导的定语从句whose collections are…sustainable修饰designers。
【译文】去年，颇具影响力的Designers & Agents对参加其在洛杉矶和纽约举办的两次春季展览的年轻环保企业家们实行免费入场，同时给予那些作品中包括至少四分之一可持续产品的设计师们以特别表彰。
4.
This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Wal-Mart is set to announce a… initiative。aimed…organic为后置定语，修饰initiative。冒号后的句子it will buy…prices即initiative的内容，相当于initiative的同位语从句。helping to…sustainable作伴随状语。
【译文】本周沃尔玛特打算宣布一大重要举措，旨在帮助种植棉花的农民走有机种植之路：它将以稍高价收购过渡型的棉花，以此帮助扩大一种主要的可持续使用面料的供应量。
5.
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (缕) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Scientists have devised a way…。a technique为a way的同位语。where引导的宾语从句where…lived作determine的宾语。using…hair为现在分词作方式状语。that引导的定语从句that…victims修饰technique。
【译文】科学家已经设计出一个方法，凭借人的一缕头发便能大致确定某人曾经居住过的地点，这项技术可能能够帮助跟踪锁定犯罪嫌疑人或不明身份案件受害人的'活动场所。
英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(2)
6.
Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Todd Park said…。a local detective为Todd Park的同位语。the method has…为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个由whose引导的定语从句whose skeleton…Lake，修饰的是woman。
【译文】当地的侦探Todd Park说这个方法帮助他了解到关于一具在大盐湖附近发现的不明身份女尸骸的更多信息。
7.
He had a perfect résumé and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为He had a…résumé and gave…responses, but the fact…said untrustworthy…so she decided…。从句that he never looked her in the eye为the fact的同位语。and连接He的两个谓宾，but表转折，so则表结果。
【译文】这位应试者的履历非常完美，并且对她的问题回答得不错，但是，他不敢正视她这一事实意味着“不值得信赖”，因此她决定把工作留给第二个候选人。
8.
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主句为we begin to realize…，从句为When引导的时间状语从句When we…etc.。主句中包括一个由that引导的宾语从句that some…values，作realize的宾语。从句中包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句what we think，作challenge的宾语；而think后又带了一个省略引导词的宾语从句we have learned from…etc.。
【译文】当我们开始质疑自己的假设，并且向那些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西发出挑战的时候，我们就开始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的，或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。
9.
We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为We need to…。to后带了三个并列的不定式，分别是train ourselves to think，shift our mindsets和realize，而that引导的宾语从句that diversity opens…us则作realize的宾语。creating…communities作伴随状语，该状语中又包括一个由that引导的定语从句that benefit everyone，修饰的是opportunities。
【译文】我们需要训练自己用不同的思维方式去思考，转变我们的思维，并且意识到多元化的大门向我们每一个人开放，这样就能创造机会，使组织和社区中的每一个人都受益。
10.
They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’(2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主句为They only come in，从句为when引导的时间状语从句。从句中包含两个由and连接的并列结构a friend drops dead和they think…。‘Geez…’为think的宾语，该宾语的省略号里其实省略了与it could happen to him结构对应的it could happen to me too。
【译文】某个朋友在打高尔夫时猝死，他们会想：‘天啊，如果这能在他身上发生……’，只有这个时候他们才会来(医院)。36.
Yale professor and Harvard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. (2007年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为Tian Xu directs a research center。主语前面的部分都是它的同位语，说明身份。focused on作后置定语修饰research center；at Shanghai’s Fudan University是地点状语；in collaboration with…则是方式状语。
【译文】由徐天教授(耶鲁大学教授，霍华德??休斯医学院研究员)所负责的人类疾病遗传学研究中心坐落在上海的复旦大学，其工作人员由耶鲁和复旦两所大学共同派人组成。
英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(3)
11.
He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为He believes…diseases…could be addressed…。that引导的定语从句that commonly affect men修饰most diseases。by preventive check-ups为be addressed的方式状语。
【译文】他相信，那些经常感染男性的疾病大多数都可以通过预防性的检查来处理掉。
12.
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers — and anyone who will listen. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Shoppers seldom complain to…but…will alert…。破折号在这里起到强调或引起别人注意破折号后面要说的话的作用。在破折号后，who引导的定语从句who will listen修饰的是anyone。
【译文】顾客很少向经理或者零售店的老板投诉，相反，他们会转而向他们的朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人——以及任何可以听到的人吐苦水。
13.
This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句，主干为This guidance eliminated the need…and avoided confrontation…。eyeing the same parking space为现在分词作后置定语，修饰those。
【译文】这些引导消除了顾客在停车场无尽地兜圈子的必要，而且避免了顾客之间因抢占空车位而引发的冲突。
14.
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句，主干为Customers can…improve…experiences。方式状语by filling complaints to the retailer修饰improve future shopping experiences。instead of表示否定，其前后成分结构一致，complaining前其实省略了by。
【译文】顾客也可以通过向零售商投诉来改善今后的购物体验，而不是向全世界其他的人抱怨。
15.
A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.(2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主句为A code of conduct is hard to create，从句为when引导的时间状语从句when you’re living…last。从句中又包括两个由介词in加which引导的定语从句in which everyone is…sleep和in which nice…last，先行词均为a world。
【译文】当你生活在一个每个人都因加班工作、缺乏睡眠而筋疲力尽的社会，在一个好人最后总是吃亏的社会时，很难创造出一套行为准则。
英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(4)
16.
This jumping to our children’s defence is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为…jumping to our children’s defence is part of…。what引导的宾语从句what fuels…feelings作of的宾语。that引导的定语从句that surrounds…children修饰feeling。
【译文】这种对孩子的急切保护，加剧了我们在处理别人孩子的事情时，那种“在蛋壳上行走”的感觉。
17.
Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 you’ll die…。Assuming…term 为条件状语。about 78 years for men in Australia作插入语，是对natural term的解释说明，去掉后，句子的语法结构和语义仍完整。
【译文】假定你有幸活到了生命的自然尽头——在澳大利亚男性大概是78岁——你平均也要比女性早去世五年。
18.
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man。 who引导定语从句,修饰 a 50-year-old man。delay后常接动名词，表示“推迟做某事”。smoker’s cough指吸烟引起的咳嗽。
【译文】两个月前，古丽塔遇见一位50岁的男人，他耽搁了一年而未对吸烟引起的咳嗽做任何处理。
19.
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为并列复合句。when引导时间状语从句，according to…是介词短语。conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School作后置定语修饰a study。the last one to do sth.意为“最后一个做某事的人”。
【译文】据沃德集团和沃顿商学院所做的一份联合调查显示，商店经理总是最后一个接到投诉，并且通常是当他们的常客决定定期光顾他们的竞争对手时才发现。
20.
“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句中的直接引语为复合句。句子主干为Retailers are more likely to smooth over issues than those, more…than是比较级结构。第一个who引导的定语从句修饰Retailers，第二个who引导的定语从句修饰those。
【译文】史提芬??霍克教授说：“与那些态度不友好的零售商相比，能够及时作出反应且态度友好的零售商更有可能平息事端。”
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